Selecting the source of finance — common mistakes

In exam answers, do not just list these factors. You must apply them to the specific business in the case study. For example, instead of saying 'gearing is important', say 'As Business X already has a high gearing ratio of 60%, taking on another large bank loan would be very risky and could be rejected by lenders.'

A balanced recommendation often beats a single source — shows you understand trade-offs. One paragraph per option maximum in timed conditions.

Not necessarily. While cost (interest rate) is a major factor, it's not the only one. A cheaper loan might require collateral the business doesn't have, or have very strict repayment terms that reduce flexibility. Equity finance might seem expensive due to dilution, but it carries less risk as there are no compulsory repayments. The 'best' choice balances cost, risk, control, and flexibility in the context of the business's specific situation.

No, this is a common misconception. Only incorporated businesses (private limited companies, Ltd, and public limited companies, PLC) can issue shares. Sole traders and partnerships cannot. Furthermore, for a private limited company, shares can only be sold to private investors with the agreement of all existing shareholders, which can be a slow and difficult process. Only PLCs can sell shares to the general public on a stock exchange.

No, it is not 'free'. While it doesn't have a direct interest cost like a loan, it has a significant opportunity cost. The retained profit legally belongs to the shareholders, and by reinvesting it, the business is denying them a dividend payment. If shareholders believe they could earn a better return by investing that money elsewhere, they may become dissatisfied and sell their shares, potentially lowering the company's share price.