9609 · 7.1.2
Types of structure: functional, hierarchical (flat and narrow), matrix flashcards
Revision flashcards for Cambridge 9609 Types of structure: functional, hierarchical (flat and narrow), matrix (syllabus 7.1.2). Flip, recall, then mark a real past-paper question.
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Functional structure?
Departments by function — economies of scale, silo risk.
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Tall (narrow) hierarchy?
Many management levels — clear authority; slow, high cost.
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Flat (wide) hierarchy?
Few layers, wide span — fast, cheap; managers overloaded.
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Matrix structure?
Dual reporting — flexible projects; role conflict possible.
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Span of control?
Subordinates per manager — wide span suits skilled staff.
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Chain of command?
Line of authority from top to bottom.
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Best for stable product?
Functional — deep expertise in each department.
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Best for complex projects?
Matrix — cross-functional teams.
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Functional Structure
An organisational structure where employees are grouped into departments based on their area of specialisation, such as marketing, finance, or operations.
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Span of Control
The number of subordinates who report directly to a manager. A narrow span means few subordinates; a wide span means many.
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Chain of Command
The formal line of authority within an organisation through which instructions are passed down from senior management to lower levels.
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Matrix Structure
A hybrid organisational structure where employees report to both a functional manager and a project manager, creating a grid-like reporting system.
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Delayering
The process of removing one or more layers of hierarchy from an organisation's structure, typically to create a flatter structure with a wider span of control.
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What is a 'functional silo'?
A negative outcome of a functional structure where departments become isolated, focus on their own goals, and fail to communicate effectively with other departments.
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What is meant by 'hierarchy' in an organisational context?
The levels of authority within a business, from the top-level management down to the operational staff. It defines the chain of command and reporting lines.
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What is a key trade-off when choosing between a tall and a flat structure?
The trade-off between control and flexibility. Tall structures offer greater control and supervision, while flat structures offer greater flexibility and faster decision-making.