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9609 · 9.1.1

Location — practice questions

Practice and worked examples for 9609 Location. Short previews only — attempt the full question in MarkScheme against the official scheme.

Worked example 1

Electric vehicle battery maker supplies European car plants. Compare locating factory in (A) Germany near customers or (B) Eastern Europe with lower wages and government grants.

Show solution outline

Germany (near market): Lower transport cost to OEMs, skilled engineering labour, strong IP protection — but high wages and energy costs.

Eastern Europe: Lower labour, grants, growing supplier cluster — but longer delivery to some plants, training investment needed.

Decision drivers: Just-in-time contracts (4.2.2) favour proximity; grant size and labour cost gap favour East.

Recommendation: Eastern Europe if logistics reliable; keep R&D in Germany — split functions.

Worked example 2

Artisan Designs, a furniture manufacturer, plans to produce 6,000 units annually. It is choosing between two potential workshop locations. Using the data below, calculate the total annual cost for each site and recommend the most cost-effective location based on quantitative factors.

Cost ElementSite A (Urban)Site B (Rural)
Annual Rent & Utilities$120,000$70,000
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Labour Cost per unit$50$45
Material Cost per unit$80$80
Transport Cost per unit$10$25
Show solution outline

Step 1: Identify the Total Cost Formula The formula to calculate the total annual cost for each location is: Total Cost (TC) = Annual Fixed Costs (FC) + (Total Variable Cost per unit (VC) × Quantity (Q))

Step 2: Calculate Total Variable Cost (VC) per unit for each site.

  • Site A VC: $50 (Labour) + $80 (Material) + $10 (Transport) = $140 per unit
  • Site B VC: $45 (Labour) + $80 (Material) + $25 (Transport) = $150 per unit

Step 3: Calculate Total Annual Cost (TC) for Site A.

  • FC = 120,000120,000
  • VC = 140140
  • Q = 6,000 units
  • TC (Site A) = 120,000+(120,000 + (140 × 6,000) = 120,000+120,000 + 840,000 = **960,000960,000**

Step 4: Calculate Total Annual Cost (TC) for Site B.

  • FC = 70,00070,000
  • VC = 150150
  • Q = 6,000 units
  • TC (Site B) = 70,000+(70,000 + (150 × 6,000) = 70,000+70,000 + 900,000 = **970,000970,000**

Step 5: Recommendation Based on the quantitative analysis, Site A has a lower total annual cost ($960,000) compared to Site B ($970,000) at the forecast production level of 6,000 units. Therefore, Site A is the more cost-effective option.

Further Analysis (Evaluation): It's also useful to find the break-even output level between the two sites: 120,000+140Q=120,000 + 140Q = 70,000 + 150Q 50,000=10Q50,000 = 10Q Q = 5,000 units. This means if output is expected to be above 5,000 units, Site A is cheaper. If it falls below 5,000, Site B becomes the cheaper option due to its lower fixed costs. The decision depends on the confidence in the sales forecast.