9701 · 19.1
Primary amines
This lesson introduces primary amines, organic derivatives of ammonia. We will explore their structure, explaining their basicity through the nitrogen lone pair and inductive effects. Key preparation methods, such as the reduction of nitriles and nitroarenes, are covered, alongside characteristic reactions with acids, acyl chlorides, and nitrous acid.
Need to know
What you need to know
- Basicity is determined by the availability of the nitrogen lone pair.
- Alkyl groups are electron-donating (+I effect), increasing basicity.
- Aryl groups are electron-withdrawing (delocalisation), decreasing basicity.
- General order of basicity: secondary aliphatic amine > primary aliphatic amine > ammonia > primary aromatic amine.
Explanation
Primary amines
- Basicity is determined by the availability of the nitrogen lone pair.
- Alkyl groups are electron-donating (+I effect), increasing basicity.
- Aryl groups are electron-withdrawing (delocalisation), decreasing basicity.
- General order of basicity: secondary aliphatic amine > primary aliphatic amine > ammonia > primary aromatic amine.