9084 · 1.1.2
Parliamentary law making — FAQ
Frequently asked questions for 9084 Parliamentary law making. Direct answers first, then deeper explanation — then practise with marking.
Can the King refuse to give Royal Assent to a Bill?
Legally, the monarch retains the prerogative to refuse Royal Assent. However, by constitutional convention, this power has not been used since 1708 (by Queen Anne). In modern practice, Royal Assent is considered a formality and is never withheld. To do so would provoke a major constitutional crisis, as it would mean the unelected monarch overriding the will of the democratically elected Parliament.
Is the House of Lords as powerful as the House of Commons in law making?
No, the House of Commons is politically and legally the senior chamber. While the Lords plays a vital role in scrutinising and revising legislation, its power is limited. The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 allow the Commons to eventually pass legislation even if the Lords objects. Furthermore, the Commons has exclusive power over financial matters ('money bills'), and the government is formed from the party that commands a majority in the Commons, not the Lords.
Does every new law start with a Green Paper and a White Paper?
No, this is a common misconception. While the Green and White Paper process is a model of good practice for major or controversial legislation, it is not a mandatory requirement. Many laws are introduced without this formal consultation period, especially if the government needs to legislate quickly, if the law is a response to an emergency, or if it is a routine or technical piece of legislation fulfilling a manifesto promise.