9702 · 17.1
Simple harmonic oscillations flashcards
Revision flashcards for Cambridge 9702 Simple harmonic oscillations (syllabus 17.1). Flip, recall, then mark a real past-paper question.
Card
What is the defining relationship for Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?
Acceleration is directly proportional to displacement from equilibrium and acts in the opposite direction ($a \propto -x$).}
Card
How is angular frequency (\omega) related to the period (T) of an oscillation?
\omega = 2\pi/T.
Card
At which point in an SHM cycle is potential energy at its maximum?
Potential energy is maximum at the amplitude (maximum displacement) positions, $x = \pm x_0$.}
Card
What is the phase difference between velocity and displacement in SHM?
Velocity is $90^\circ$ (or $\pi/2$ radians) out of phase with displacement.
Card
Describe the characteristic behaviour of a critically damped system.
A critically damped system returns to its equilibrium position in the quickest possible time without undergoing any oscillations.
Card
What does the amplitude of an oscillation represent?
The amplitude is the maximum displacement achieved by the oscillating object from its equilibrium position.
Card
Where does maximum kinetic energy occur during SHM?
Maximum kinetic energy occurs when the object passes through its equilibrium position ($x=0$).}
Card
State the defining equation for Simple Harmonic Motion.
$a = -\omega^2 x$, where $a$ is acceleration, $x$ is displacement, and $\omega$ is angular frequency.
Card
What defines 'free oscillations'?
Free oscillations occur when an oscillating system is not subjected to any external driving force, moving at its natural frequency.
Card
How do kinetic and potential energy vary with displacement in SHM?
Potential energy is proportional to the square of displacement ($E_P \propto x^2$), forming a parabola on an energy-displacement graph. Kinetic energy is maximum at zero displacement and zero at maximum displacement, forming an inverted parabola. Total energy remains constant.