9702 · 17.2
Energy in simple harmonic motion flashcards
Revision flashcards for Cambridge 9702 Energy in simple harmonic motion (syllabus 17.2). Flip, recall, then mark a real past-paper question.
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At what point in SHM is potential energy maximized?
Potential energy is maximized when the object is at its maximum displacement (amplitude) from the equilibrium position.
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When is kinetic energy maximum in SHM?
Kinetic energy is maximum when the object passes through the equilibrium position ($x=0$).
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What is the formula for the total mechanical energy of an object in SHM?
$E = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 x_0^2$
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How does damping affect the amplitude of an oscillating system?
Damping dissipates energy from the system, causing the amplitude of oscillations to gradually decrease.
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What is the primary cause of the large amplitude observed during resonance?
Resonance causes a large amplitude due to highly efficient energy transfer from the external driving force to the oscillating system.
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How do kinetic and potential energy change as an object in SHM moves from equilibrium to maximum displacement?
As the object moves from equilibrium to maximum displacement, kinetic energy decreases while potential energy increases, with their sum (total energy) remaining constant.
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What happens to total mechanical energy in an ideal SHM system?
In an ideal system without damping, the total mechanical energy remains constant.
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Give the formula for kinetic energy in SHM at displacement $x$.
$KE = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 (x_0^2 - x^2)$
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Give the formula for potential energy in SHM at displacement $x$.
$PE = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 x^2$
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What is critical damping?
Critical damping is the most efficient form of damping, allowing a system to return to equilibrium in the shortest time without oscillating.
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What condition leads to resonance?
Resonance occurs when the frequency of the external driving force matches the natural frequency of the oscillating system.
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How does increased damping affect a resonance curve?
Increased damping reduces the maximum amplitude at resonance and broadens the resonance curve.