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9699 · 10.1

Media representations of class, gender, ethnicity, and age groups flashcards

Revision flashcards for Cambridge 9699 Media representations of class, gender, ethnicity, and age groups (syllabus 10.1). Flip, recall, then mark a real past-paper question.

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    Stereotype?

    Simplified, exaggerated group image repeated across media.

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    Hegemonic masculinity?

    Connell - dominant ideal of tough, heterosexual masculinity in media.

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    Male gaze (Mulvey)?

    Media filmed for male viewer - women objectified.

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    Othering?

    Representing groups as fundamentally different/alien.

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    Symbolic annihilation?

    Trowler - groups ignored or trivialised in media.

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    Counter-representation?

    Deliberate challenge to stereotypes - diversity casting, own-voice media.

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    Hegemonic Masculinity

    The dominant, socially constructed form of masculinity in a given society. In media, it is often represented by traits like strength, aggression, rationality, and emotional suppression. The concept is associated with R.W. Connell.

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    Moral Panic

    An instance of public anxiety or alarm in response to a problem regarded as threatening societal norms. The media often plays a key role in creating moral panics by amplifying the behaviour of a 'folk devil' (e.g., youth subcultures).

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    The 'Male Gaze'

    A concept from feminist film theory (Laura Mulvey) describing how women in media are typically depicted from a masculine, heterosexual perspective, presenting them as passive objects of male desire.

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    Counter-type

    A media representation that is a positive or alternative portrayal of a social group, designed to challenge and subvert a negative or limiting stereotype. For example, a strong, independent female lead character.

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    Symbolic Annihilation

    A concept by Gerbner and Gross describing the under-representation, trivialisation or condemnation of a particular group in the media. This lack of visibility can imply that the group is unimportant or powerless in society.