9700 · 6.2
Protein synthesis
Every cell in your body relies on proteins to function – from enzymes catalysing reactions to structural components like collagen, and even hormones like insulin. The instructions for making these vital molecules are stored in your **DNA**, in units called **genes**. Protein synthesis is the intricate process by which this genetic information is converted into a functional protein. It's a fundamental concept in Biology 9700, linking directly to genetics and biochemistry, and frequently tested in both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Need to know
What you need to know
- Describe the sequential processes of transcription and translation in protein synthesis.
- Explain the specific roles of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes (containing rRNA) in accurate protein production.
- Discuss the characteristics of the genetic code and the differences in gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Outline the process of post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes, including the removal of introns and addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail.
Explanation
Protein synthesis
- Describe the sequential processes of transcription and translation in protein synthesis.
- Explain the specific roles of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes (containing rRNA) in accurate protein production.
- Discuss the characteristics of the genetic code and the differences in gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Outline the process of post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes, including the removal of introns and addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail.