9609 · 2.3.1
Management and managers flashcards
Revision flashcards for Cambridge 9609 Management and managers (syllabus 2.3.1). Flip, recall, then mark a real past-paper question.
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Fayol's four functions?
Planning, organising, commanding/directing, controlling.
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Management vs leadership?
Management = processes and control; leadership = vision and inspiration (2.2.1).
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Autocratic style?
Manager decides alone — fast in crisis; demotivating long term.
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Democratic style?
Consultation before decisions — better buy-in; slower.
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Laissez-faire?
Minimal direction — suits expert teams; risk of drift.
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Mintzberg roles?
Interpersonal, informational, decisional — optional depth for A Level.
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Span of control?
Number of subordinates per manager — links to 7.1 structure.
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Why managers matter?
Coordinate resources, implement strategy, translate objectives to tasks.
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What are the three categories of Mintzberg's managerial roles?
1. Interpersonal (figurehead, leader, liaison). 2. Informational (monitor, disseminator, spokesperson). 3. Decisional (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator).
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Define the 'Controlling' function in Fayol's theory.
Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action when necessary. It is a feedback loop to ensure that organisational activities are aligned with the initial plans.
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What is the key feature of a laissez-faire leadership style?
The leader takes a 'hands-off' approach, providing employees with the freedom to make their own decisions and complete work in their own way. The leader provides resources but minimal direct guidance.
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Distinguish between a manager and a leader in one sentence.
A manager administers and maintains the current system to ensure efficiency, while a leader innovates, inspires, and drives change towards a future vision.
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Describe a paternalistic leader.
A leader who acts in a 'fatherly' way, making decisions they believe are in the best interests of their employees. They consult with staff but the final decision is theirs. This can foster loyalty but may be seen as condescending.