9702 · 14.1
Thermal equilibrium — FAQ
Frequently asked questions for 9702 Thermal equilibrium. Direct answers first, then deeper explanation — then practise with marking.
Why is thermal equilibrium important in everyday life and technology?
Thermal equilibrium explains common phenomena like why hot drinks cool and cold drinks warm up to room temperature. In technology, it's crucial for designing thermostats, refrigerators, and heating systems, ensuring they maintain desired stable temperatures by managing heat transfer effectively.
What is the key difference between heat and temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, indicating the 'hotness' or 'coldness' of an object. Heat, on the other hand, is the transfer of thermal energy between objects or systems due to a temperature difference. An object possesses internal energy, but it 'gives off' or 'receives' heat.
How do experimental determinations of specific heat capacity and specific latent heat account for heat losses?
To minimise and account for heat losses, experiments often use insulation (e.g., lagging, double-walled containers), polished surfaces to reduce radiation, and lids to prevent convection. Corrections for heat loss can sometimes be made by observing the cooling rate of the substance after heating, or by performing control experiments.