Diversity and social change — common mistakes

When discussing cultural diversity, use specific examples and avoid generalisations. For instance, contrast the prevalence of extended families in some South Asian communities with the higher rates of matrifocal single-parent families in African-Caribbean communities, linking these to historical and economic factors.

This is a key sociological debate. Postmodernists argue it is no longer the single dominant family form, having been replaced by a plurality of structures. However, neo-functionalists like Robert Chester argue its basic structure persists in the 'neo-conventional family' and remains a life goal for many. Statistics show that while a minority of households are nuclear families with dependent children at any one time, a majority of people will experience this structure at some point in their lives, suggesting its importance has been modified rather than eliminated.

This is a common oversimplification. While the increase in single-parent families is a significant part of the trend, diversity is much broader. It includes the rise of reconstituted (step) families, cohabiting couples, same-sex families, dual-earner families, and lone-person households. It also refers to internal diversity within family types, such as varied divisions of labour (organisational diversity) or different cultural norms (cultural diversity), as identified by the Rapoports.

Sociology does not take a single position but presents different theoretical perspectives. The New Right views it negatively, linking it to social instability and a breakdown of traditional values. In contrast, postmodernists and many feminists see it positively, as evidence of increased individual choice, freedom, and the potential for more equal and democratic relationships. They argue it can liberate people, especially women, from oppressive traditional family structures. There is no objective answer; it is a value judgement debated by different sociological theories.