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9699 · 4.2

Age and family life

**Age and family** (4.2) completes Paper 2 Topic 4. Link to **demographic change** (ageing population, beanpole families).

Need to know

What you need to know

  • Philippe Ariès' historical research suggests childhood was 'invented' in modern industrial societies.
  • In pre-industrial times, children were integrated into adult life and work from a young age.
  • Industrialisation, compulsory schooling, and welfare legislation created a separate social status for children.
  • The modern family idealises childhood as a period of innocence, dependency, and protection.

Explanation

Age and family life

  1. Philippe Ariès' historical research suggests childhood was 'invented' in modern industrial societies.
  2. In pre-industrial times, children were integrated into adult life and work from a young age.
  3. Industrialisation, compulsory schooling, and welfare legislation created a separate social status for children.
  4. The modern family idealises childhood as a period of innocence, dependency, and protection.