9699 · 4.2
Age and family life
**Age and family** (4.2) completes Paper 2 Topic 4. Link to **demographic change** (ageing population, beanpole families).
Need to know
What you need to know
- Philippe Ariès' historical research suggests childhood was 'invented' in modern industrial societies.
- In pre-industrial times, children were integrated into adult life and work from a young age.
- Industrialisation, compulsory schooling, and welfare legislation created a separate social status for children.
- The modern family idealises childhood as a period of innocence, dependency, and protection.
Explanation
Age and family life
- Philippe Ariès' historical research suggests childhood was 'invented' in modern industrial societies.
- In pre-industrial times, children were integrated into adult life and work from a young age.
- Industrialisation, compulsory schooling, and welfare legislation created a separate social status for children.
- The modern family idealises childhood as a period of innocence, dependency, and protection.