9699 · 8.2
Globalisation and migration flashcards
Revision flashcards for Cambridge 9699 Globalisation and migration (syllabus 8.2). Flip, recall, then mark a real past-paper question.
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Push factors?
War, poverty, persecution, environmental disaster in origin country.
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Pull factors?
Employment, higher wages, family networks, political stability.
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Brain drain?
Skilled workers leave poorer countries — loss of human capital.
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Remittances?
Money sent home by migrants — major income for some states.
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Chain migration?
Earlier migrants enable relatives to follow via networks.
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Multiculturalism vs assimilation?
Celebrate diversity vs expect adoption of host culture.
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Transnationalism
A process where migrants maintain strong, regular links with their country of origin, creating social fields that cross national borders. They may have dual identities and loyalties. (Associated with Steven Vertovec).
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Brain Drain
The emigration of a country's highly skilled and educated professionals (e.g., doctors, scientists, engineers) to other countries, resulting in a loss of expertise for the sending nation.
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Remittances
Money sent by migrants back to their families in their country of origin. These financial transfers are a significant source of income for many developing economies.
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Super-diversity
A term by Steven Vertovec describing the complex, multi-dimensional nature of contemporary diversity, which goes beyond ethnicity to include variables like legal status, religion, age, and gender.
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Feminisation of Migration
A global trend where an increasing proportion of international migrants are women, migrating independently for work, particularly in the care and domestic service sectors (a 'global care chain').
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What is the difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?
A refugee has already been granted protected status under international law, having proven they are fleeing persecution. An asylum seeker is someone who has applied for this status in a host country and is awaiting a decision.
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What is a 'global care chain'?
A series of personal links between people across the globe based on the paid or unpaid work of caring. It often involves women from poorer countries migrating to richer ones to work as nannies or carers, leaving their own children to be cared for by family members.
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What is assimilation in the context of migration?
A policy or process where migrants are expected to abandon their own culture, language, and customs to adopt those of the host society. It contrasts with multiculturalism, which encourages cultural diversity.
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Hybrid Identity
An identity that integrates elements from different cultures. For migrants, it can mean combining aspects of their culture of origin with the culture of their host country, challenging the idea of a single national identity. (Associated with Stuart Hall).