CAIE · AS & A Level
Business
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116 topics · free- 1.1.1The nature of business activity
- 1.1.2The role of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs
- 1.1.3Business plans
- 1.2.1Economic sectors
- 1.2.2Business ownership
- 1.3.1Measurements of business size
- 1.3.2Significance of small businesses
- 1.3.3Business growth
- 1.4.1Business objectives in the private sector and public sector
- 1.4.2Objectives and business decisions
- 1.5.1Business stakeholders
- 1.5.2The relative importance and influence of stakeholders on business activities
- 2.1.1Purpose and roles of HRM
- 2.1.2Workforce planning
- 2.1.3Recruitment and selection
- 2.1.4Redundancy and dismissal
- 2.1.5Morale and welfare
- 2.1.6Training and development
- 2.1.7Management and workforce relations
- 2.2.1Motivation as a tool of management and leadership
- 2.2.2Human needs
- 2.2.3Motivation theories
- 2.2.4Motivation methods in practice: financial motivators, non-financial motivators
- 2.3.1Management and managers
- 3.1.1The role of marketing and its relationship with other business activities
- 3.1.2Demand and supply
- 3.1.3Markets
- 3.1.4Consumer and industrial marketing
- 3.1.5Mass marketing and niche marketing
- 3.1.6Market segmentation
- 3.1.7Customer relationship marketing (CRM)
- 3.2.1The purposes of market research
- 3.2.2Primary research and secondary research
- 3.2.3Sampling
- 3.2.4Market research data
- 3.3.1The elements of the marketing mix (the 4Ps)
- 3.3.2Product
- 3.3.3Product portfolio analysis
- 3.3.4Pricing methods
- 3.3.5Promotion methods
- 3.3.6Place (channels of distribution)
- 4.1.1The transformational process
- 4.1.2Efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and sustainability
- 4.1.3Capital intensive and labour intensive operations
- 4.1.4Operations methods: job, batch, flow, mass customisation
- 4.2.1Managing inventory
- 4.2.2Just in Time (JIT)
- 4.3.1Significance and measurement of capacity utilisation
- 4.3.2Outsourcing
- 5.1.1The need for business finance
- 5.1.2Working capital
- 5.2.1Business ownership and sources of finance
- 5.2.2Internal and external sources of finance
- 5.2.3Factors affecting the sources of finance
- 5.2.4Selecting the source of finance
- 5.3.1Cash flow forecasts
- 5.4.1Cost information
- 5.4.2Approaches to costing: full, contribution
- 5.4.3Uses of cost information
- 5.4.4Break-even analysis
- 5.5.1The meaning and purpose of budgets
- 5.5.2Variances
- 6.1.1Political and legal
- 6.1.2Economic
- 6.1.3Social and demographic
- 6.1.4Technological
- 6.1.5Competitors and suppliers
- 6.1.6International
- 6.1.7Environmental
- 6.2.1Developing business strategy
- 6.2.2Corporate planning and implementation
- 7.1.1The relationship between business objectives and organisational structure
- 7.1.2Types of structure: functional, hierarchical (flat and narrow), matrix
- 7.1.3Delegation and accountability
- 7.1.4Control, authority and trust
- 7.1.5Centralisation and decentralisation
- 7.1.6Line and staff
- 7.2.1Purposes of communication
- 7.2.2Methods of communication
- 7.2.3Channels of communication
- 7.2.4Barriers to communication
- 7.2.5The role of management in facilitating communication
- 7.3.1Leadership
- 7.3.2Theories of leadership
- 7.3.3Emotional intelligence (Emotional Quotient, EQ)
- 7.4.1Approaches to human resource management (HRM)
- 8.1.1Elasticity
- 8.1.2Product development
- 8.1.3Sales forecasting
- 8.2.1Planning the marketing strategy
- 8.2.2Approaches to marketing strategy
- 8.2.3Strategies for international marketing
- 9.1.1Location
- 9.1.2Scale of operations
- 9.2.1Quality control and quality assurance
- 9.2.2Benchmarking
- 9.3.1Operational decisions
- 9.3.2Flexibility and innovation
- 9.3.3Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
- 9.3.4Lean production
- 9.3.5Operations planning
- 10.1.1Statement of profit or loss
- 10.1.2Statement of financial position
- 10.1.3Inventory valuation
- 10.1.4Depreciation
- 10.2.1Liquidity ratios
- 10.2.2Profitability ratios
- 10.2.3Financial efficiency ratios
- 10.2.4Gearing ratio
- 10.2.5Investment ratios
- 10.3.1The concept of investment appraisal
- 10.3.2Basic methods: payback, accounting rate of return (ARR)
- 10.3.3Discounted cash flow method: net present value (NPV)
- 10.3.4Investment appraisal decisions
- 10.4.1The use of accounting data to enable strategic decision-making
- 10.4.2The use of accounting data and ratio analysis in strategic decision-making
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